UNIKL-BMI
FINAL YEAR PROJECT
PROJECT PROPOSAL
MINI ELECTRIC SCOOTER
(RECHARGHEABLE BATTERY USING DYNAMO)
BET IN ELECTRONIC
STUDENT NAME:
Ahmad Nazariq B. Abdul Aziz (51211210265)
Mohd Zailan B. Mohamed Ismayatim (51211210260)
PROJECT SUPERVISOR :
Izanoordina Bt Ahmad
MINI ELECTRIC SCOOTER ( RECHARGEABLE BATTERY USING DYNAMO)
Introduction
. This MINI SCOOTER project is a design, which uses a motor to make the scooter functional (ability to move on roads). The motor is also an easier and accessible alternative. This project will use two 24V batteries. One will be used to start the motor and the other will be used together with the dynamo that will charge the battery. When the scooter is moving, the storage battery will be charged. This scooter also has other electronics features such as a battery indicator, speed meter and speed motor.
This creation of mini electric scooter is intended to be used outdoors eg: to be used for a drive in the park, as well as trying to reach a destination. This scooter just makes it a lot easier for someone to move without causing too much fatigue to that person.
Electric vehicles are no longer new items in the current world. We could often see various forms and types of electric vehicles anywhere, whether they are commercial or experimentally developed for research purposes. Many groups or individuals make electric powered vehicles as an area of project development and the production of new prototypes regardless of the purpose for either commercial or as a hobby, which in a way is beneficial.
This undergraduate project serves to highlight the areas on how to understand the electric motor system that will be adapted for use in this mini electric scooter in terms of operation, review and analyzing the factors which are related to the electric motor, such as ways to improve and enhance the existing system.
This mini electric scooter project will later explain the methods used to produce an electric scooter that works and is functional as expected. This project will describe the analysis and simulation that will be conducted as well as the test results obtained throughout the end. The goal is to see how far the concept of using an electric motor vehicle can compete with other vehicle types as well as enabling this project to be applied in research programs for students in universities.
Problem Statement
Based on the existing project, this mini scooter electric is this scooter can only move within 15-20 minutes at a time with battery A. 4 dynamo units (each of 5V) will charge the other battery B (charging also takes up 15-20 mins) while this scooter is moving. That is a total of 20V. However, both batteries use 24V so they will not be fully charged because it will take up to 30-40 minutes for them to fully charge. So when moving within the allowed time which is in 20 minutes time, battery A will run out, and battery B will take over to run the scooter. After that, battery A will be charged. This is where the tricky part is. The battery being charged will never go 100% full.
The weight of the rider also plays a part. The heavier the mass of the person is, the slower will the scooter move. So we have set that the maximum value patch of the rider to 80kg.
Like ordinary bicycles, electric scooters have to be standing when moving. For example, the existing bike should be cycled first. With the invention of electric mini scooters, it can function with only a press of a button.
Literature Review
The advantages and disadvantages for solar mini scooter electric and mini electric scooter (rechargeable battery using dynamo)
Advantages | Disadvantages | |
Solar scooter | · Does not use battery · Uses renewable energy · Safe | · Slow · Use big panel · cannot be used at night · Costly ( RM1200 ) |
Electric scooter using dynamo | · Uses battery · Can be used at any time · Uses dynamo to recharge · Fixed size · Faster · Low cost ( RM 900 ) | · Limited time can be used unless it is rechargeable for more than 20 minutes |
Methodology
1.0
We expected this product to benefit to people as it acts as a facility to the user. This is because it has many advantages and eases besides giving satisfaction to the user riding it. It is a very simple product because the design does not use too many components.
From the objective, we can say that it improves our skills in handling a project. Moreover, it gives a chance for students to show their creativity through this project. Students can also gain knowledge about the circuit in electrical and electronic. For instance, they must think about the housing of the project in order for it to look interesting and feasible as to match with the project’s title. The third is that students can further learn in detail how to complete the circuit of motors, battery state indicator, DC motors speed controller, meter speed. The main component to be use in this project is of course the bicycle frame.
This project allows students to explore something beyond their expectations. This is because, during the completion of this project, they will be facing several problems. So, they must to think how to solve the problem in order to make their project complete and functional.
1.1 Bicycle Frame
For this project we used a normal bicycle frame to make it attractive. This frame must be modified so that it is suitable for this project. We cut the middle part of the frame so the rider can stand on this electric scooter.
1.1 Motor Circuit
We used a DC motor speed controller to control the speed of the scooter when riding it. The motor that we used is 24V 200W because it can accommodate up to 80kg. To run the motor, we used 2 units of 12V battery (total 24V) and 2 units of 12V battery (total 24V) that acts as the storage. This storage battery will be used when the main battery is low and dynamo will then recharge the main battery.
1 unit dynamo will produce 5V. We used 4 units of dynamo and total voltage to recharge the second battery is 20V.
1.1 DC motors speed controller
DC Motor Speed Controlled controls the speed via a potentiometer. Speed control for DC motors up to 100 Volts @ 7.0Amps without sacrificing motor torque. Uses NE556 to pulse-width modulate IRF530N MOSFET. This DC Motor controller can handle up to 16Amps, but PCB trace capacity would have to be beefed up with some hookup wire where DC motor current runs through the Printed Circuit Board. Requires operating voltage of 9 - 18 VDC. The range DC motor speed controller 5-95%.
1.1 Battery State Indicator
Many a time the outdoor audio or video recording becomes imperfect due to a ‘dying’ battery. If the battery voltage is less than 18V for a 24V recorder, the output during playback will not be of a good quality due to variations in the motor speed.
Many car owners take their battery for granted, rarely giving it the maintenance required. As the winter nights advance the demands made on this vital power source increase. Combined with the inevitable aging process and diminishing ability to store a charge for a long period, this makes the requirement of a simple aid to monitor battery voltage continuously obvious.
Objectives
The objective of the Mini Scooter Electric is because we want to produce a product that can give benefits to people when using this scooter. The Electric Mini Scooter is suitable for people because they can use this product anytime and anywhere. People can ride this scooter confidently because they just have to press a button to start up the Mini Scooter Electric. And then, they can go anywhere as they wish. When using this product, they can save time as they can avoid the traffic jam and reach their destinations as scheduled.
Besides that, we can reduce air and sound pollution. This is because during the operation of a vehicle, unwanted gases are produced that can pollute our environment. Another objective to the design of this scooter is people can save money as they do not use oil to move the Mini Scooter Electric. This scooter uses a 24V DC battery to operate the motor. The function of the dynamo is to recharge another battery to backup the first battery when the first battery runs low. When the motor is running, the second battery will be recharged by the dynamo.
People can also use this Mini Scooter Electric in a shopping complex, a garden, or just by taking a tour in a big factory. This scooter can help people do their work quickly from one place to another.
Benefits/ Contributions
Anyone who struggles to walk or gets tired after walking a short distance could benefit from using a Mini Scooter Electric. Using a Mini Scooter Electric is not an admission of defeat and can make a great deal of difference to your quality of life, and can even provide a new lease of life and a new found independence. If you are thinking about getting a Mini Scooter Electric, it is probably the best time to do it. However, the sooner you start using a Mini Scooter Electric, the longer you might retain the ability to walk.
Work Plan
January - February
Week 1 (17.1.2012 ) | Week 2 (26.1.2012 ) | Week 3 (2.2.2012 ) | Week 4 (9.2.2012 ) |
|
|
|
|
|
| ||
| |||
|
Estimated cost
no | Item | price |
1. | Bicycle frame | RM 50 |
2. | Motor 24V 150 W | RM 120 |
3. | Battery 24V 7 Amp (4 unit) | RM 290 |
4. | Dynamo (4 unit) | RM 50 |
5. | Circuit battery indicator | RM 30 |
6. | DC motors speed controller | RM30 |
7. | Speed meter | RM20 |
8. | Electronic part | RM50 |
9. | Welding part | RM250 |
Total | RM900 |
Conclusion
We can conclude that this final year project will give many advantages to us to enhance our skills despite contributing to the society. We have produced the product that can give benefit everyone from the young to the elders to go through their daily lives. It can help people from traffic trouble. People get to save time as well.
When talking about the environment, our product can reduce air pollution as it will not use exhaust gas. The effect as we have mentioned before is that people’s lives will be arranged and people can save money for the more important things because this scooter does not use oil to operate.
A perfect preparation and good planning will produce the perfect project. It is also important to avoid any problems to make sure that this project is done properly. It needs our outmost attention and commitment to make sure we succeed in this project. As the saying goes, to achieve something in life, we have to work very hard to make sure target is reached.
Students can gain knowledge, skill and creativity whilst completing the project successfully with positive opinion and good co-operation from our supervisor and friends.
References
